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Richard "Dick" Levins (born June 1, 1930) is an ecologist, a population geneticist, and a mathematical ecologist who has researched diversity in human populations. He is a university professor at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and a long-time political activist. He is best known for his work on evolution and complexity in changing environments and on metapopulations. right Levins' writing and speaking is extremely condensed. This, combined with his Marxism, has made his analyses less well-known than those of some other ecologists and evolutionists who were adept at popularization. One story of his Chicago years is that graduate students had to attend Levins' courses three times: the first time to acclimate themselves to the speed of his delivery and the difficulty of his mathematics; the second to get the basic ideas down; and the third to pick up the subtleties and profundities. Levins also has written on philosophical issues in biology and modelling. One of his influential articles is "The Strategy of Model Building in Population Biology". He has influenced a number of contemporary philosophers of biology. Levins is a Marxist and has said that the methodology in his ''Evolution in Changing Environments'' is based on the introduction to Marx's ''Grundrisse'', the rough draft of ''Das Kapital''. With the evolutionary geneticist Richard Lewontin (1929–), Levins has written a number of articles on methodology, philosophy, and social implications of biology. Many of these are collected in ''The Dialectical Biologist''. In 2007, the duo published a second thematic collection of essays titled ''Biology Under the Influence: Dialectical Essays on Ecology, Agriculture, and Health''.〔(Lewontin, R., and Levins, R. 2007 (November 1). Biology Under the Influence: Dialectical Essays on Ecology, Agriculture, and Health, Monthly Review Press; First Edition (US), First Printing edition (November 1, 2007) ) ISBN 978-1583671573〕 Also with Lewontin, Levins has co-authored a number of satirical articles criticizing sociobiology, systems modeling in ecology, and other topics under the pseudonym Isadore Nabi. Levins and Lewontin managed to place a ridiculous biography of Nabi and his achievements in ''American Men of Science'', thereby showing how little editorial care and fact-checking work went on in that respected reference work. ==Biography== Richard Levins was born in Brooklyn, New York on June 1, 1930, and is of Ukrainian Jewish heritage.〔Levins Morales Blog: http://www.auroralevinsmorales.com/blog.html〕 He recorded reminiscences of his politically and scientifically precocious childhood in an article in ''Red Diapers''. He reportedly had read Paul de Kruif's Microbe Hunters (1926) at age 8 (in 1938) and his first of Charles Darwin's books at age 12 (in 1932). At the age of 10, Levins had been inspired by the essays of the Marxist biological polymath J. B. S. Haldane, whom Levins considers to be the equal of Albert Einstein in scientific importance. Levins studied agriculture and mathematics at Cornell. He married Puerto Rican writer Rosario Morales in 1950. Blacklisted on his graduation from Cornell, he and Rosario moved to Puerto Rico, where they farmed and did rural organizing. They returned to New York in 1956, where he earned his PhD at Columbia University (awarded 1965). Levins taught at the University of Puerto Rico from 1961 to 1967 and was a prominent member of the Puerto Rican independence movement. He visited Cuba for the first time in 1964, beginning a lifelong scientific and political collaboration with Cuban biologists. His active participation in the independence and anti-war movements in Puerto Rico led to his being denied tenure at the University of Puerto Rico, and in 1967 he and Rosario and their three children - Aurora,〔(Cengage Learning profile of Aurora Levins Morales )〕 Ricardo,〔(RLM Art Studio web site and store, Art for Social Justice by Ricardo Levins Morales )〕 and Alejandro〔(LinkedIn profile of Alejandro Levins )〕 - moved to Chicago, where he taught at the University of Chicago and constantly interacted with Lewontin. For a while, the family lived in New Hampshire.〔(Cengage Learning profile of Aurora Levins Morales )〕 Both Richard and Rosario later moved to Harvard with the sponsorship of E. O. Wilson, with whom they had later disputes over sociobiology. Levins was elected member of the US National Academy of Sciences but resigned because of the Academy's role in advising the US military during the war. Levins is John Rock Professor of Population Sciences〔(Harvard Catalyst page for the named chair position, John Rock Professor of Population Sciences )〕 and head of the Human Ecology program〔(Stephen Jay Gould: What Does it Mean to Be a Radical?, libcom.org, Jul 25 2009 16:39 )〕〔(Human Ecology, Course #: GHP253-01, basic course in the HSPH Program in Human Ecology )〕 in the (Department of Global Health and Population ) of the Harvard School of Public Health.〔(HSPH Faculty page for Richard Levins )〕 He has been a member of the US and Puerto Rican Communist Parties, the Movimiento Pro Independencia〔(Historia del Movimiento Pro Independencia--antecesor historico del MINH )〕〔(Americas Summit Sans United States: Venezuela, Argentina To Push For Puerto Rican Independence, January 28, 2014Fox News Latino )〕 (the Independence movement in Puerto Rico), and the Puerto Rican Socialist Party, and he was on an FBI surveillance list. During the last two decades, Levins has concentrated on application of ecology to agriculture, particularly in the economically less-well-developed nations of this planet. When his wife Rosario died in 2011, his daughter Aurora moved in with her father in his Cambridge, Massachusetts home. One of Levins's grandchildren is Minneapolis based hip hop artist Manny Phesto.〔Tran, Kyle "New Local Music" (MN Daily Planet )〕〔Thompson, Eric "Top 10 Must See Music Videos This Week" retrieved (8/4/15) (City Pages )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Richard Levins」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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